Do you know the basic principle and structure type of piezoelectric vibration sensor

Do you know what is the basic principle of piezoelectric vibration sensor? I have a lot to say about piezoelectric vibration sensors. Piezoelectric vibration sensors are widely used in civil aviation aircraft, helicopters, aero-engines, and gas turbines for modal testing, engine vibration monitoring and analysis, and flight testing. In the process of engine development, production and use, piezoelectric vibration sensors measure and monitor engine vibration, and are often used in vibration monitoring systems and health diagnosis systems. 1. The principle of piezoelectric effect The piezoelectric vibration sensor is based on the positive piezoelectric effect, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, that is, realizes the 'force-electricity' conversion. When some materials are deformed by an external force in a certain direction, positive and negative equal charges will appear on their two opposite surfaces at the same time, and the amount of charge is proportional to the magnitude of the applied external force, as shown in Figure 1. When the external force is removed, it will return to an uncharged state. This phenomenon is called positive piezoelectric effect, this material is called piezoelectric material, and the element made of piezoelectric material is called piezoelectric sensitive element. When the external vibration is felt (that is, the external force changes periodically), the electric charge on the surface of the piezoelectric sensitive element also changes periodically, and the change frequency is consistent with the vibration frequency. The purpose of vibration measurement can be achieved by collecting and measuring the surface charge signal of the piezoelectric sensitive element. 2. Structure type of piezoelectric vibration sensor The structure of piezoelectric vibration sensor usually adopts compression type and shear type, as shown in Figure 2. The so-called compression type means that the external force acts vertically on the surface of the piezoelectric sensitive element, which will generate charges on the surface; the so-called shear type means that the external force acts parallel to the surface of the piezoelectric sensitive element, which will generate charges on the surface. Correspondingly, the structural form of the susceptor is also divided into compression type and shear type. The compression type structure is usually composed of preloaded screws, preloaded bolts, mass blocks, piezoelectric sensitive elements and shells. The pre-tightening method of the sensitive element is the pre-tightening between the pre-tightening screw and the pre-tightening bolt, and the pre-tightening force of the pre-tightening nut determines the pre-tightening degree of the piezoelectric sensitive element and the mass block. The shear-type structure is usually composed of a preload cylinder, a mass block, a piezoelectric sensor, a base and a shell. The preloading method of the sensitive element is a ring-shaped preloading cylinder. The mass block and the piezoelectric sensing element are fastened, and the interference between the preload cylinder and the mass block determines the preloading degree of the piezoelectric sensing element and the mass block.
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