Measurement principle and classification of temperature sensor

What are the classifications of temperature sensors? What is the measurement principle of the temperature sensor? A temperature sensor is a sensor that senses temperature and converts it into a usable output signal. The temperature sensor is the core part of the temperature measuring instrument. According to the measurement method, it can be divided into two categories: contact type and non-contact type. According to the characteristics of sensor materials and electronic components, it can be divided into two categories: thermal resistance and thermocouple. The technical indicators of temperature sensors include measurement accuracy, resolution, measurement temperature range, time constant, etc. 1 Contact temperature sensor The detection part of the contact temperature sensor has a good contact with the measured object, also known as a thermometer. The thermometer achieves thermal equilibrium through conduction or convection, so that the indication value of the thermometer can directly represent the temperature of the measured object. Generally, the measurement accuracy is high. Commonly used thermometers include bimetal thermometers, glass liquid thermometers, pressure thermometers, resistance thermometers, thermistors and thermocouples. They are widely used in industry, agriculture, commerce and other sectors. 2 Thermocouples and thermistors 1) Thermocouples Thermocouples are temperature sensors commonly used in temperature measurement. Its main benefits are wide temperature range and adaptability to various atmospheric environments, and it is robust and inexpensive, requiring no power supply, and is also inexpensive. A thermocouple consists of two different metal wires (metal A and metal B) connected at one end, and when one end of the thermocouple is heated, there is a potential difference in the thermocouple circuit. The temperature can be calculated from the measured potential difference. 2) Thermistor Thermistor is made of semiconductor materials, most of which have a negative temperature coefficient, that is, the resistance value decreases as the temperature increases. Temperature changes will cause large resistance changes, so it is a sensitive temperature sensor. However, the linearity of the thermistor is extremely poor and has a lot to do with the production process. Manufacturers do not give standardized thermistor curves. Thermistors are very small and respond quickly to temperature changes. But the thermistor requires a current source, and its small size also makes it extremely sensitive to self-heating errors. 3 Non-contact temperature sensor Its sensitive element and the measured object do not contact each other, also known as non-contact temperature measuring instrument. It can be used to measure the surface temperature of moving objects, small targets and objects with small heat capacity or rapid temperature changes (transient), and can also be used to measure the temperature distribution of temperature fields.
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