Classification and working principle of sensors

What types of sensors are there? How do they work? 1. Sensors divided by the measured physical quantity, the common ones are: temperature sensor, humidity sensor, pressure sensor, displacement sensor, flow sensor, liquid level sensor, force sensor, acceleration sensor, torque sensor, etc. 2. According to the working principle, it can be divided into: 1. Electrical sensor is a kind of sensor with a wide range of applications in non-electrical measurement technology. Commonly used are resistive sensors, capacitive sensors, inductive sensors, magnetoelectric sensors and electrical sensors Eddy current sensors, etc. The resistive sensor is made by using the principle of varistor to convert the measured non-electricity into resistance signal. Resistive sensors generally include potentiometer, contact varistor, resistance strain gauge and piezoresistive sensors. Resistive sensors are mainly used for the measurement of parameters such as displacement, pressure, force, strain, torque, airflow velocity, liquid level and liquid flow. Capacitive sensors are made by changing the geometric size of the capacitance or changing the properties and content of the medium, thereby changing the capacitance. Mainly used for the measurement of pressure, displacement, liquid level, thickness, moisture content and other parameters. The inductive sensor is made by changing the geometric size of the magnetic circuit and the position of the magnet to change the inductance or the piezomagnetic effect of the inductance or mutual inductance. Mainly used for the measurement of displacement, pressure, force, vibration, acceleration and other parameters. The magnetoelectric sensor is made by using the principle of electromagnetic induction to convert the measured non-electricity into electricity. It is mainly used for the measurement of parameters such as flow, speed and displacement. The eddy current sensor is made by using the principle that the metal moves in the magnetic field to cut the magnetic field lines, and the eddy current is formed in the metal. It is mainly used for the measurement of parameters such as displacement and thickness. 2. Magnetic sensor Magnetic sensor is made by using some physical effects of ferromagnetic substances, and is mainly used for the measurement of displacement, torque and other parameters. 3. Photoelectric sensor Photoelectric sensor occupies an important position in non-electrical measurement and automatic control technology. It is made by using the photoelectric effect and optical principle of optoelectronic devices, and is mainly used for the measurement of parameters such as light intensity, luminous flux, displacement, and concentration. 4. Potential sensor Potentiometric sensor is made by the principle of pyroelectric effect, photoelectric effect, Hall effect, etc. It is mainly used for the measurement of temperature, magnetic flux, current, speed, light intensity, thermal radiation and other parameters. 5. Charge sensor Charge sensor is made of piezoelectric effect principle, mainly used for force and acceleration measurement. 6. Semiconductor sensor Semiconductor sensor is made of the principle of piezoresistive effect, internal photoelectric effect, magnetoelectric effect of semiconductor, material change caused by contact between semiconductor and gas, etc. It is mainly used for temperature, humidity, pressure, acceleration, magnetic field and harmful gases. Measurement. 7. Resonant sensor Resonant sensor is made by changing the resonant frequency by changing the inherent parameters of electricity or machinery, and is mainly used to measure pressure. 8. Electrochemical sensors Electrochemical sensors are made based on ionic conductivity. According to the formation of their electrical characteristics, electrochemical sensors can be divided into potentiometric sensors, conductometric sensors, coulometric sensors, polarographic sensors and electrolytic sensors. sensors, etc. Electrochemical sensors are mainly used to analyze the measurement of parameters such as gas, liquid or solid components dissolved in liquid, pH, conductivity and redox potential of liquid.

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