Structure and performance index of ultrasonic level gauge probe

1. The structure and function of the ultrasonic level gauge probe is shown in Figure 1 below. The structure of the ultrasonic level gauge probe is mainly composed of piezoelectric ceramics, matching layers, damping blocks, protective films, shells, and high-frequency cables. 1. Piezoelectric ceramics: Piezoelectric ceramics are the core components of the probe. Its function is to transmit and receive ultrasonic waves. Its performance directly affects the quality of the probe. The two sides of the ceramic are coated with silver layers as electrodes, the purpose is to make the voltage supplied to the ceramic sheet uniform. 2. High-frequency cable: The probe of the ultrasonic level gauge needs to be connected to the ultrasonic drive circuit board through a high-frequency cable. This special high-frequency cable has the ability to shield the driving pulses and the ultrasonic probe from various external interference noises. The effect of echo signal interference. 3. Matching layer: The matching layer of the ultrasonic level gauge probe can play the role of matching the acoustic impedance between the probe and the working load, which can effectively broaden the working frequency band of the probe and further improve the ultrasonic resolution and work adaptability. 4. Damping block: It is configured by some damping materials and adheres to the back of the piezoelectric ceramic, mainly to absorb the ultrasonic waves on the back of the piezoelectric ceramic to reduce noise. 5. Shell: The outer shell of the probe is made of plastic, which mainly has the function of fixing and protecting the entire probe element. 6. Protective film: The protective film must meet the requirements of good wear resistance, high strength, low material sound attenuation, good sound transmission performance, and appropriate thickness, so as to protect piezoelectric ceramics and electrodes and prevent wear and damage. Figure 1: Ultrasonic level gauge probe 2. Six performance indicators of ultrasonic level gauge probe Ultrasonic level gauge probe is the key component of ultrasonic level gauge, its performance directly affects the intensity of transmitted ultrasonic waves and the received echoes The strength of the signal and the level measurement range directly determine whether the ultrasonic level meter can work normally and stably. The main performance indicators of the ultrasonic level gauge probe are as follows: operating frequency, sensitivity, quality factor, frequency response, electrical impedance, directional characteristics, etc. Now each performance indicator is introduced as follows: Figure 2 Acute angle and beam width 1, Sensitivity: Sensitivity refers to the ratio of the peak-to-peak value of the echo signal voltage output after the ultrasonic echo is converted by the probe to the peak-to-peak value of the driving pulse voltage applied to the probe. Sensitivity is a measure of the mutual conversion efficiency of ultrasonic probe electric energy and sound energy. 2. Working frequency f: The working frequency of the ultrasonic level gauge probe is determined by the resonance frequency of the piezoelectric ceramic, that is, the frequency of the ultrasonic wave emitted by the probe. The ultrasonic level gauge probe works at this frequency to output the maximum energy and travel the farthest distance. 3. Frequency response: The frequency response of the ultrasonic level gauge probe refers to the frequency characteristics of the echo signal received by a reflective object and the probe. The frequency spectrum of the ultrasonic level gauge probe can be measured by a frequency analyzer to obtain the center frequency , bandwidth and other parameters. 4. Quality factor Q: The quality factor Q of the ultrasonic level gauge probe is determined by the quality factor of the circuit part and the quality factor of the mechanical part. 5. Directional characteristics: The sharpness of the main lobe determines the scope of the ultrasonic exploration area, so the directional characteristics directly determine the working range and range of the ultrasonic level gauge. The main lobe angle is the most important indicator of the ultrasonic directional characteristics. The higher the ultrasonic frequency, the smaller the main lobe angle, the more concentrated the energy generated by the ultrasonic probe, and the narrower the sound speed range. 6. Impedance characteristics: Due to the characteristics of the ultrasonic level gauge probe, it is required to achieve impedance matching between it and the driving voltage, and the ideal driving energy and echo receiving signals have been achieved.
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