Introduction to the classification of industrial automation instruments and control devices

Industrial automation instruments divide industrial automation instruments into five categories from the process of information acquisition, transmission, reflection and processing; during the production process of detection instruments, the temperature, pressure, flow, level and other physical quantities of the medium in different parts of the equipment and pipelines change rapidly , is always changing. The detection instrument is used to detect the value of the above-mentioned physical quantities at each instant. According to the different process parameters measured, the detection instruments can be divided into the following categories: 1. Temperature instruments: commonly used temperature measuring instruments include glass thermometers, bimetal thermometers, pressure type (temperature bulb) thermometers, temperature switches, thermocouples, thermal resistances, radiation pyrometers, optical pyrometers, photoelectric colorimetric pyrometers and other radiation thermometer. 2. Pressure gauges: Pressure gauges are used to detect pressure, vacuum and differential pressure. According to its working principle, it can be divided into: elastic pressure gauge (according to its elastic components, it is divided into spring tube pressure gauge, diaphragm pressure gauge, diaphragm pressure gauge, pressure switch, etc.); sensing pressure gauge (such as resistance type, Capacitive, inductive, Hall-type pressure gauges, etc.); liquid-column pressure gauges (such as U-tube, straight-tube, and inclined-tube pressure gauges); and piston-type pressure gauges with higher accuracy that are usually used to calibrate standard pressure gauges pressure gauge. 3. Flow meter: There are many kinds of flow measuring instruments, and the most widely used one is the throttling device and its matching differential pressure flow transmitter. Commonly used throttling devices are orifice plates, nozzles and venturis. Other commonly used flow meters include water meters, rotameters, oval gear flowmeters, target flowmeters, electromagnetic flowmeters, vortex flowmeters, Anuba flowmeters, mass flowmeters, etc. 4. Level meter: The level meter mainly measures the liquid level of a certain medium in the tower, tank, and tank container or the interface of two liquids with different specific gravity and the material level of solid materials. The most common liquid level gauges are glass tube level gauges, glass plate level gauges, and others include differential pressure level gauges and buoyancy level gauges (such as float level gauges, level switches, and float level gauges). gauges, float level gauges, steel belt level gauges, tank level weighing instruments, etc.). For the level detection of solid materials, there are resistive level meters, capacitive level meters, level switches, weight detection level meters, tuning fork level meters, ultrasonic level meters, radioactive level meters, etc. 5. Component analysis instrument: The composition analysis instrument is used to verify the composition of the process medium and to determine the content of a certain component (or some components up to the whole component). According to its working principle, it can be divided into electrochemical analyzers (such as conductivity meters, industrial acidity meters, zirconia analyzers, etc.), thermal analyzers (such as thermal conductivity analyzers, thermochemical analyzers, infrared analyzers) and magnetic analyzers. Conductive analyzers, photoelectric colorimetric analyzers, mass spectrometers, industrial gas chromatographs, etc. 6. Mechanical measuring instruments: The mechanical measuring instruments commonly used in the industry include thickness gauges, thermal expansion detectors, tension detectors, deflection detectors, and shaft vibration, shaft displacement, rotational speed for rotating machinery (such as large steam turbine compressors, etc.). Detection device and weighing device (such as electronic belt scale, belt deviation, slip detection device, weighing indicator, weighing bagging device, etc.). This type of instrument refers to the instantaneous value of the measured parameter used to indicate or record the measured parameter, such as the ratio meter, millivoltmeter and other moving coil indicators for indicating, digital display instruments and electronic potentiometers for indicating or recording temperature. Differential meter, electronic balance bridge (electronic potentiometer and balance bridge can also be combined with electric regulator or pneumatic regulator to form a composite meter) and accumulative meter with flow accumulation function. On the one hand, the control instrument receives the measurement signal of the process detection instrument and the transmitter for display, and on the other hand, it sends out the adjustment signal to control the action of the actuator (actuator and regulating valve) to form a closed-loop control system. Control instruments can be divided into two categories: analog control instruments and digital control instruments according to the type of signal. 1. Analog Control Instruments Analog control instruments include base-type instruments, unit combination instruments (pneumatic, electric) and assembled instruments. In the development process of industrial automation instruments from local detection and display to centralized control, a kind of instrument integrating measurement, display and adjustment functions has been produced. We call it a base-type adjustment instrument or simply a base-type instrument. Such as the indicating recording regulator with a pneumatic regulator and some local regulators with only a single regulating function (such as temperature regulators, pressure regulators, differential pressure regulators, flow regulators). 2. Digital control instrument Digital control instrument includes distributed control system (DCS), programmable logic controller (PLC), industrial control computer (IPC), safety control system (FSC), etc. The actuator, also known as the control valve, consists of the actuator and the valve. According to the power source of the actuator, there are pneumatic control valves, electric control valves,There are four categories of hydraulic control valves and hybrid control valves. Pneumatic control valves are divided into membrane control valves, piston control valves and long-stroke control valves according to their actuator forms.

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